Albert Abraham Michelson was born in December of 1852 in Prussia, immigrating to the United States with his family two years later. After serving briefly in the U.S. Navy, Michelson taught physics at the Case School of Applied Science in Cleveland and later at Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts. In 1892, he was appointed head of the physics department at the University of Chicago.

It was during his time in Chicago that Michelson became well-known in the field of physics. His work to measure the speed of light gained him notoriety and helped him receive the Nobel Prize in 1907. While Michelson was not successful in determining the speed of light, his experiments eventually paid off and the speed of light was discovered just two years after his death. 

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The Lyman Trumbull House in Alton was the home of politician Lyman Trumbull, who served as an Illinois State Representative, Illinois Secretary of State, a State of Illinois Supreme Court justice and later a U.S. Senator. Serving in the Senate for nearly two decades, Trumbull is best known for his work on the 13th Amendment, co-writing the language for the constitutional amendment that would outlaw slavery.

Trumbull lived in his Alton home from 1849 until around 1863. The 1-1/2 story all-brick home was listed as a National Historic Landmark in 1975.

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Fred Hampton was born on August 30, 1948, in the Chicago suburb of Maywood. Right after high school he became heavily involved in the Civil Rights Movement. He joined the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and eventually became the Youth Council President.

During his leadership, he managed to racially integrate a group of 500 young people who lobbied city officials. Their goal was to create better academic services and recreational facilities for African-American children.

Hampton joined the Black Panther Party in 1968. He is famous for negotiating a gang truce on local television and forming a coalition that included students from several different organizations. The Chicago Black Panther Party became very big in Chicago, and the FBI and Chicago Police Department placed the chapter under heavy surveillance.  

In 1969, 12 officers opened fire on the Black Panther Group and ended up killing 21-year-old Hampton and the Illinois Panther leader, Mark Clark. The attendance at his funeral was tallied at over 5,000 people, but it wasn’t until years later that law enforcement officials admitted any wrongdoing in his killing.

December 4 is now known as Fred Hampton Day.

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With more than 2.6 million square feet of exhibit space, 173 meeting rooms and assembly seating for 18,000, the McCormick Place Convention Center is the largest in North America.

McCormick Place opened in 1960 and is named after Col. Robert R. McCormick, an editor and publisher at the Chicago Tribune who advocated for the building of a world-class convention center. Since opening 55 years ago, the convention center has undergone numerous additions and renovations, including the construction of the North Building in 1986, the South Building in 1997 and the West Building in 2007. When opened, the West Building was the largest new-construction facility in the country to be LEED certified, a prestigious environmental award given to buildings that are environmentally friendly.

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Recording artist Lou Rawls, whose career spanned decades and included three Grammy wins, 60-plus released albums and a Star on the Hollywood Hall of Fame, was born on this day in 1933 in Chicago.

Rawls’ first interest in music began at a young age when he joined his church choir at just seven years old. In high school, he formed the group The Teenage Kings of Harmony with now-legendary recording artist Sam Cooke. Rawls moved to California in the 1950s and joined the Army as a paratrooper in the 82nd Airborne Division.

After a serious accident while on tour with the gospel group The Pilgrim Travelers, Rawls returned to Los Angeles and performed in small venues throughout the area. His first record, Stormy Monday, was released in 1962. Rawls would go on to release dozens of additional albums throughout his career, spanning genres and cultivating a large following of loyal fans.

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